And in ECOPS, the cavity length of one laser is tunable. In ASOPS, the variation in delay time is realized by using two lasers with a slightly different repetition frequency, which leads to a proportionally increasing delay time. Different approaches like asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) or electronically controlled optical sampling (ECOPS) can avoid such restrictions. Often, such setups use a mechanical delay line to change the time delay between the two laser pulses but this results in timing limitations caused by the respective actuators. in order to get information about the excitation decay over time, the delay time between the two laser pulses needs to be varied. Subsequently, a pulse of a second pulsed laser, which is slightly delayed against the first pulse, measures the excitation state of the sample resulting from the induced perturbation. For these measurements, the sample is excited with a pump laser pulse and generates a perturbation inside the material.
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